During World War II, Project Pigeon (later Project Orcon, for "organic control") was American behaviorist B. F. Skinner's attempt to develop a pigeon-guided missile - wikipedia 
Although skeptical of the idea, the National Defense Research Committee nevertheless contributed $25,000 to the research. Project Pigeon was revived by the Navy in 1948 as "Project Orcon"; it was canceled in 1953 when electronic guidance systems' reliability was proven.
Living Drones at Chaos Computer Congress
The talk below at 31c3 illustrates that however quaint Project Pigeon may seem now, this is an area of research that is being resurrected in the age of drones.
YOUTUBE _3h8Org_mEk Living Drones: From war pigeons in 1914 to cyborg moths in 2014
Taking the idea of connecting flying animals with communication technology one step further, as of 2014, experiments are being conducted in wiring and remote-controlling moths, effectively turning them into biobots to be used for search and rescue missions – and possibly for military and surveillance purposes - ccc.de
How Project Pigeon Worked
The control system involved a lens, up to an array of three lenses at the front of the missile, projecting an image of the target to a screen inside, while one to three pigeons trained (by operant conditioning) to recognize the target pecked at it.
As long as the pecks remained in the center of the screen, the missile would fly straight, but pecks off-center would cause the screen to tilt, which would then, via a connection to the missile's flight controls, cause the missile to change course and slowly change the flight path towards its designated target.